(False Color Composite)

FCC is a satellite image visualization technique where different bands are combined to highlight vegetation, water, and urban areas. Typically, NIR, Red, and Green bands are assigned to the RGB channels. 

• Band Combination (common Landsat FCC):

Red → NIR band
Green → Red band
Blue → Green band

• Interpretation:

Bright red → Healthy vegetation
Cyan/blue → Water bodies
Gray/white → Urban or barren land

• Data Source:
  Based on Landsat 5, 7, 8, and 9 imagery (NASA & USGS) processed in Google Earth Engine for 1990–2024.

(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)

NDVI measures vegetation health using satellite data. Healthy plants reflect more near-infrared (NIR) light and absorb red light.

• Formula: NDVI = (NIR - Red) / (NIR + Red) 

• Range:
  +0.6 to +1.0 → Healthy vegetation
  0.2 to 0.5 → Sparse/stressed vegetation
  < 0.2 → Bare soil, urban areas, or water

• Data Source :
  Based on Landsat 5, 7, 8, and 9 imagery (NASA & USGS) processed in Google Earth Engine for 1990–2024.

(Normalized Difference Water Index)

NDWI detects water bodies and moisture content in vegetation using satellite data. Water reflects more green light and absorbs near-infrared (NIR) light. 

• Formula: NDWI = (Green - NIR) / (Green + NIR) 

• Range:
  +0.5 to +1.0 → Water bodies
  0 to +0.5 → Moist vegetation or wet soil
  Negative values → Dry vegetation, bare land, or urban areas

• Data Source:
  Based on Landsat 5, 7, 8, and 9 imagery (NASA & USGS) processed in Google Earth Engine for 1990–2024.